Glossary

Direct Discourse Fallacy – dialogue, it’s not mimesis, it is just as mediated by questions of representation.

Global Signification – broader social context of a proposition. See

Imminent Grammar – Gramsci’s term for spontaneous grammar in popular use; parole. See

Heteroglossia – defined as the manifestation of social diversity in language has two advantages 1) does not divorce language from everyday life 2) does not reduce heteroglossia as good democratic and monoglossia as bad and antidemocractic.

Language Ideology and Differentiation – 

article here

Iconization: This process involves “the attribution of cause and immediate necessity to a connection (between linguistic and social groups) that may only be historical, contingent, or conventional” (p. 37). These linguistic features are then made to be (and are subsequently interpreted as being) iconic of the identities of the speakers.

Fractal Recursivity: The notion refers to the fact that the differences which are made to be
iconic are used in the creation of an “other.” Integral to the idea of fractal recursivity is that
the same oppositions that distinguish given groups from one another on larger scales can
also be found within those groups. Operating on various levels, fractal recursivity can both
create an identity for a given group and further divide it. Within each group or subgroup,
then, there is a schismogenesis (or creation of differences), whereby speakers can be divided further according to those same principles.
Erasure: It is the process by which these distinctions are created and maintained. Erasure is integrally intertwined with both iconization and recursivity, as it is the erasure of any
differentiation which is, according to the given ideology, inconsequential. Ideological outliers, then, are either discounted as being anomalous or disregarded altogether and
ignored. Erasure therefore determines what can become iconized and also what then
becomes recursive within a given group.

Multiplicity of Writing – essay from Raymong Williams’ Marxism and Literature,  the identification of art with “imaginative” skill involves a reduction of art to a series of forms labeled the proper objects of aesthetic experience. In literature this has resulted in the reduction of “literature” to specialized forms that obscure the multiplicity in types of writing practices: literature is “fictional” and not “factual,” it is “imaginative” and not “practical,” and it is not “subjective” rather than “objective.” Literature’s association with these concepts is specific to the capitalist era, and a Marxist literary theory must attempt to recapture the multiplicity of forms of writing outside of the categories left to it by bourgeois critics.

Normative Grammar – Gramsi’s term for standardized hegemonic language use; langue. See

Standard Language Norm – the product of a process of selection and codification of features and variants of a language to function as a model of correctness,defined by people who have become norm authorities, role models supported by official institutions (Bartsch1987:78); from Renate Bartsch