In Preparation
He, Weilong; Yang, Cathy; Shi, Xi; Wang, Yanxing; wang, wenliang; Schafer, Alexander; Artman, Brinkley ; Zhou, Liwen; Liu, Xiangping; Yu, Sihan; Tang, Kai Wing Kevin; Jeong, Jinmo ; He, Zhecheng; Lozano, Anakaren; Garcia, Henry; Olivarez, Alexa; Seeley, Erin; Ren, Pengyu; Bittner, George D.; Wang, Huiliang. 2026. Machine-Learning-Guided Design of Host–Guest Nanotherapeutics for Ultrasound-Programmable Drug Delivery in Pain Management. Under review at Journal of American Chemical Society.
Marshal L. Mencel, George D. Bittner. Vesicle migration to plasmalemmal lesions depends on both active transport and passive cytoplasmic bulk flow in crayfish giant axons and Xenopus oocytes: implications for all eukaryotic cells. 2026. Under Review at FASEB.
Marshal L. Mencel, George D. Bittner. Hagen-Poiseuille distributed-pressure model of osmotically-driven cytoplasmic flow in severed axons. 2026. Submitted to Biophysics Journal.
Marshal L. Mencel, Rhea Sood, Varun Gokhale, George D. Bittner. Plasmalemmal repair in a eukaryotic model cell: plug and patch mechanisms coexist in crayfish medial giant axons. 2026. To be submitted to the Journal of Cell Biology.
Marshal L. Mencel, George D. Bittner. Artificially-induced plasmalemmal sealing of transected axons. 2026. To be submitted to Nature Neuroscience.
2026
Liwen Zhou, Cathy Z. Yang, GD Bittner. PEG-fusion repair after peripheral nerve injuries enhances behavioral recovery and reduces self-mutilation in rat models. 2026. Neurology International. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint18050083.
Cathy Z. Yang, Liwen Zhou, Alexander M. Schafer, Alexa N. Olivarez, Guhan Periyasamy, Varun Gokhale, Rhea Sood, Henry Garcia, Arjun Agarwal, Joseph F. Alderete, George D. Bittner. PEG-fusion of viable sciatic nerve isografts restores axonal structure and behavioral recovery after segmental-loss sciatic nerve injuries in Lewis rats. 2026. PloS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0349204.
Henry Garcia, Guhan Periyasamy, Varun Gokhale, Liwen Zhou, Alexander M. Schafer, Neha Nagarajan, Alexa N. Olivarez, Sushant Sanklipur, Yiming Hao, George D. Bittner. Local and non-local sensitization following repetitive von Frey filament testing in unoperated Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats. 2026. Sensory Neuroscience. DOI: 10.1002/sen2.70033.
Alexa N. Olivarez, Cathy Z. Yang, Liwen Zhou, Michelle Mikesh, Cameron L. Ghergherehchi, Henry A. Garcia, Alexander M. Schafer, Guhan Periyasamy, Phuong Vy Nguyen, Yiming Hao, Arjun Agarwal, Varun Gokhale, Rhea Sood, Neha Nagarajan, Sushant Sanklipur, George D. Bittner. Delayed repair of singly transected and segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries using optimized PEG-fusion procedures and stored viable peripheral nerve allografts. 2026. Journal of Translational Medicine. In Press. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-026-08573-5.
2025
Liwen Zhou, Cathy Z. Yang, Alexander M. Schafer, Alexa N. Olivarez, Arjun Agarwal, Guhan Periyasamy, Karthik Venkudusamy, Yessenia Montoya, Varun Gokhale, Rhea Sood, Henry Garcia, Jared S. Bushman and George D. Bittner. 2025. Successful PEG-fusion repairs using stored viable peripheral nerve allografts. Neural Regeneration Research. DOI:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01846.
2024
George D. Bittner, Sami Tuffaha, Jaimie T. Shores. 2024. PEG-fusion repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). Hand Clinics. 40:389-397
Liwen Zhou, Karthik Venkudusamy, Emily A. Hibbard, Yessenia Montoya, Alexa Olivarez, Cathy Z. Yang, Adelaide Leung, Varun Gokhale, Guhan Periyasamy, Zeal Pathak, Dale R. Sengelaub, George D. Bittner. 2024. Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains. Neural Regeneration Research. https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01846
Emily A. Hibbard, Liwen Zhou, Cathy Z. Yang, Karthik Venkudusamy, Yessenia Montoya, Alexa Olivarez, George D. Bittner, Dale R. Sengelaub. 2024. Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord. Neural Regeneration Research. https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01845
Tyler A. Smith, Liwen Zhou, Cameron L. Ghergherehchi, Michelle Mikesh, Cathy Z. Yang, Haley O. Tucker, JuliAnne Allgood, Jared S. Bushman, George D. Bittner. 2024. Polyethylene glycol treatment of peripheral nerve allografts in rats requires axon fusion to consistently attenuate innate and adaptive immune responses. 2024. Neural Regeneration Research. https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01220
Christopher Frost; Abdel Salous, Suvethavarshini Ketheeswaran, Ledibabari M. Ngaage, Phil Hanwright, Cameron Ghergherehchi, Sami Tuffaha, George D. Bittner, Dhananjay Vaidya, Gerald Brandacher, Jaimie Shores. 2024. Polyethylene Glycol Fusion Restores Axonal Continuity and Improves Return of Function in a Rat Median/Ulnar Nerve Denervation Model. Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. DOI:10.1097PRS,0000000000011608
2023
Allgood JA, Bittner GD, Bushman JS. 2023. Repair and Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries that Ablate Branch Points. Neural Regeneration Research. 18(12): 2564-2568, https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.373679
Marshal Mencel and George D. Bittner. 2023. Repair of traumatic lesions to the plasmalemma of neurons and other cells: commonalities, conflicts, and controversies. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. PMID: 37008019 PMCID: PMC10050709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114779.
Liwen Zhou, Monzer Alatrach, Ted Zhao, Paul Oliphint, George D. Bittner. 2023. Differential survival of segments of rat sciatic nerves preserved in different storage solutions assessed by novel electrophysiological and morphological criteria. Neural Regeneration Research. 18(9): 2082-2088. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.367848
Stephen Lopez MD, George Bittner PhD, Richard Trevino MD. 2023. Rapid and effective fusion-repair of severed digital nerves using neurorrhaphy and bioengineered solutions including polyethylene glycol: A case report. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 19:16:1087961. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.1087961
2022
George D. Bittner, Jared S. Bushman, Cameron L. Ghergherehchi, Kelly C.S. Roballo, Jamie T. Shores, Tyler A. Smith. 2022. Typical and Atypical Properties of Peripheral Nerve Allografts Enable Novel Strategies to Repair Segmental Loss Injuries. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 19(1):60 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02395-0
Kelly C. S. Roballo, Jason P. Gigley, Tyler A. Smith, George D. Bittner, Jared S. Bushman. 2022. Morphological, Functional, and Immunological Peculiarities of Peripheral Nerve Allografts. Neural Regeneration Research. 17: 721-747. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.322445
See full list of publications (1964-present) online or in CV