Rahanat Ara Jafar, Farhana Hoque, Shahriar Sakib Chowdhury Abstract In city planning, both infrastructure and landscape are inseparable parts. To make decisions on city planning, accountable authorities and users must participate equally. The lack of harmonious participation in the decision-making processes of both parties can lead to chaos or a… read more 

Wahida Rahman Nipun and Farhana Hoque Abstract The foundations of human civilization have grown based on water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and canals. Almost all significant ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa, had originated on river banks. As all living creatures require water and… read more 

Case of Jakarta’s relocation Mennatullah Hendawy Introduction Historically, the capital city of a nation has played a pivotal role in shaping its “image, representation, and identity” (Lazar, 2005). Several countries opt to relocate their capital cities for various reasons, such as in response to a revolution, post-independence, or to establish… read more