Zhiyong Lu Institute: National Institutes of Health Date: April 17, 2025 Title: Navigating complexity: Opportunities and risks of AI and large language models in medicine Abstract: The explosion of biomedical big data and information in the past decade or so has created new opportunities for discoveries to improve the treatment and prevention of human diseases. As such, the field of medicine is undergoing a paradigm shift driven by AI-powered analytical solutions. This talk explores the benefits and risks of AI and ChatGPT, highlighting their pivotal roles in revolutionizing biomedical discovery, patient care, diagnosis, treatment, and medical research. By demonstrating their uses in some real-world applications such as improving PubMed searches (Nature Biotechnology 2018), supporting disease diagnosis (Nature Machine Intelligence 2023), and accelerating patient trial matching (Nature Communications 2024), we underscore the necessities and challenges of implementing and evaluating AI and ChatGPT in enhancing clinical decision-making, personalizing patient experiences, and accelerating knowledge discovery.
