Teaching PGE 334 – Reservoir Geomechanics (Undergraduate) This course reviews the fundamentals of structural geology, continuum mechanics, rock constitutive laws, and applications to fault stability, wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing and reservoir geomechanics. Course notes: Introduction to Energy Geomechanics Homework and exercises: Problems in Introduction to Energy Geomechanics and exercises in Github Lectures: Fall 2020 (to be updated soon) Spring 2020 (Youtube) Fall 2019 (YouTube) Spring 2019 (YouTube) Fall 2018 (YouTube) Table of Contents: Week Lecture Homework and Laboratory 1 Introduction to the course Applications of geomechanics Homework 1: Section 1.3 (all questions) 2-3 Vertical stress – lithostatic gradient Pore pressure – effective stress Overpressure Horizontal stresses HF-based measurement of least principal stress Stress regimes Homework 2 Section 2.4 (all questions) Due 9/16 4 Stress equilibrium – stress tensor Strain tensor 3D Hooke’s law, Young’s Modulus Homework 3 Section 3.8 (Questions 1 and 2) LAB 1: Young’s modulus UCS (during lecture) 5 Horizontal stress determination with linear elasticity Constrained modulus and pore compressibility Homework 4 Section 3.8 (Questions 3 to 5) 6 Generalized continuum mechanics problem Anisotropy, visco-elasto-plasticity, and multiphysics problems: poro-thermo-chemo-mechanics Rock failure: tensile and shear strength Brazilian and triaxial tests Mohr circle, Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion Homework 5 Section 4.9 (all questions) LAB 2: Tensile strength 7 Compression yield cap Strength anisotropy and length-scale effects Ductile VS Brittle failure 8 Fault mapping Fault classification and ideal orientation Homework 6 Section 5.6 (Questions 1 to 4) LAB 3: Confined shear strength of rock 9 Stresses on faults and 3D Mohr circle Fracture permeability and fault reactivation Limits on stress field imposed by frictional strength of faults Homework 7 Section 5.6 (Questions 5, 7, 8, and 9) 10 Wellbore stability Near wellbore effects: Kirsch equations Breakouts and tensile fractures Wellbore breakdown pressure Homework 8 Section 6.9 (Questions 1, and 2) 11 Mud window Deviated wellbores Homework 9 Section 6.9 (Questions 3, 4 and 5) LAB 4: Wellbore tensile fractures and breakouts 12 Thermal stresses, shale swelling, loss of mud support, and anisotropy 13 Hydraulic fractures in well testing Leak-off test, Diagnostics fracture initiation test, Step rate test The coupled fluid-driven fracture propagation problem Homework 10 Section 7.6: (Questions 1 to 4) 14 Net pressure and fracture toughness Hydraulic fracture design KGD and PKN models Hydraulic fracture containment Homework 11 Section 7.6: (Questions 5 and 6) 15 Multistage hydraulic fracturing Induced micro-seismicity Homework 12 Section 7.6: (Questions 7 and 8) 16 Reservoir depletion and injection Reservoir Compressibility PGE 383 – Advanced Reservoir Geomechanics (Graduate) This course explores the fundamentals of theoretical geomechanics. Topics include general theory of linear elasticity, plasticity, poromechanics and fracture mechanics. The theory is linked to problems of stability of deviated wellbores, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir depletion, and fault stability. Homework and exercises: Github repository Lectures: Fall 2020 (to be updated soon) Fall 2019 (YouTube) Fall 2018 (YouTube) Course Topics Review on continuum mechanics: Stresses at a point, principal stresses, Mohr circle, decomposition of the stress tensor and deviatoric stress tensor invariants. Problems in elasticity: Equilibrium, kinematic, and constitutive laws. Solution of the Navier equations for plane-strain problems. Wellbore problem: determination of in-situ stresses from sonic logs. Inelasticity: failure criteria (Coulomb, Griffith), plasticity-yield surface, post-peak behavior, creep, grain crushing. Mechanics of the saturated porous solid: Particle fluid interaction, poroelasticity, effective stress, drained and undrained loading, consolidation theory. Problems: overpressure and stress path during reservoir depletion. Mechanics of open mode fractures: Linear elastic fracture mechanics, PKN-KGD models, wellbore frac tests, hydraulic fracture propagation in heterogeneous media, stress interference in multistage fracturing, open mode fractures in unconsolidated sands. Problem: solve coupled PKN/KGD models. Mechanical properties of reservoir geomaterials: unconsolidated sands, shale, sandstone, limestone, evaporites, scales and effective properties, heterogeneity-spatial variability, stress-dependent permeability, laboratory methods and measurements. Table of contents Week of Lecture Literature Project 1 Introduction to geomechanics in Petroleum Engineering Espinoza, Ch. 1 – 2 Review Continuum Mechanics: stresses at a point, principal stresses, equilibrium equations, vertical stress. Stress projection on a plane. Stress plotting: Mohr’s circle, stress path, p-q space, I1-J2 space Fjaer Ch. 1.1 Zoback Ch. 1 Malvern Ch. 2, 3, 4 Jaeger et al. Ch. 2 Espinoza, Ch. 3, 5 (1) Stress tensor profile along a vertical wellbore 3 Elasticity: strains, kinematic equations, constitutive equations Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (2) Shear and normal stresses on fractures along a wellbore 4 Linear elasticity, solution for horizontal stresses with tectonic strains, constrained modulus Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (3) Horizontal stress determination with linear elasticity 5 Elastic anisotropy: material parameters of VTI solids. Elasticity: Navier’s equation LEIS, Analytical and numerical solutions. Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (4) Stress field around wellbores and fractures: analytical and numerical solution 6 Finite Element Method, stresses around wellbores (Kirsch solution) and fractures Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 6 (4) (continued) 7 Poroelasticity: The porous solid, Biot’s coefficient, Biot’s effective stress, drained loading: depletion stress path, Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 (5) Determination of Biot’s coefficient and reservoir stress-path during depletion: CMG verification 8 Undrained loading: consolidation and disequilibrium compaction, Skempton’s coefficient Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 9 Thermo-elasticity and visco-elasticity: Thermal stresses around the wellbore and in the reservoir. Long-term reservoir compaction. Chemo-mechanical coupled processes. Fjaer Ch. 1.5, 1.9 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7.8 Jaeger Ch. 9.8-11 Zoback Ch.3 (end) 10 Inelasticity: fracture modes, shear yield stress: Tresca, von Mises, Drucker Prager, Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the triaxial test. Fjaer Ch. 2.1, 2.5 Jaeger Ch. 4 Espinoza, Ch. 4 (6) Rock failure and wellbore stability 11 Inelasticity: beyond the yield point, post-peak behavior, flow rule and hardening, critical state soil mechanics, strain-softening and strain-hardening geomaterials, shear-enhanced compaction (compression cap), oedometer test Fjaer Ch. 2.8 Jaeger Ch. 9 (7) Constitutive models for soft rocks: reservoir ovepressure 12 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: tensile strength, breakdown pressure, ideal open-mode fracture propagation, fracture containment Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 Final Project: paper abstract due 13 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: LEFM, Griffith criterion, fracture toughness, the coupled fluid-driven fracture propagation problem: PKN-KGD models, fracture propagation regimes Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 (8) Stress shadows in multistage hydraulic fracturing 14 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: microseismicity, open-mode fractures in unconsolidated sediments, multistage hydraulic fracturing design. Valko and Economides 15 Mechanics of elastic wave propagation, frequency and wavelength, dynamic to static transforms Fjaer Ch. 5 (9) Laboratory dynamic to static transforms – Fjaer, et al. “Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics” – Jaeger, Cook and Zimmerman, “Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics” – Malvern, “Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium” – Zoback, “Reservoir Geomechanics” – Coussy, “Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids” – Valko and Economides, “Hydraulic Fracture Mechanics” – Espinoza, “Introduction to Energy Geomechanics” <https://dnicolasespinoza.github.io/ (Links to an external site.)> PGE 373L – Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Design There are two equally important goals in this class: (1) The solution of engineering design problems based on actual field data. (2) To develop and demonstrate satisfactory written and oral report preparation and delivery skills. PGE 424 – Petrophysics This course reviews fundamentals of the physics of rocks, including the measurement of diverse physical properties. The interpretation of measurements and relationship between physical properties is used to assess subsurface resources and processes.
PGE 334 – Reservoir Geomechanics (Undergraduate) This course reviews the fundamentals of structural geology, continuum mechanics, rock constitutive laws, and applications to fault stability, wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing and reservoir geomechanics. Course notes: Introduction to Energy Geomechanics Homework and exercises: Problems in Introduction to Energy Geomechanics and exercises in Github Lectures: Fall 2020 (to be updated soon) Spring 2020 (Youtube) Fall 2019 (YouTube) Spring 2019 (YouTube) Fall 2018 (YouTube) Table of Contents: Week Lecture Homework and Laboratory 1 Introduction to the course Applications of geomechanics Homework 1: Section 1.3 (all questions) 2-3 Vertical stress – lithostatic gradient Pore pressure – effective stress Overpressure Horizontal stresses HF-based measurement of least principal stress Stress regimes Homework 2 Section 2.4 (all questions) Due 9/16 4 Stress equilibrium – stress tensor Strain tensor 3D Hooke’s law, Young’s Modulus Homework 3 Section 3.8 (Questions 1 and 2) LAB 1: Young’s modulus UCS (during lecture) 5 Horizontal stress determination with linear elasticity Constrained modulus and pore compressibility Homework 4 Section 3.8 (Questions 3 to 5) 6 Generalized continuum mechanics problem Anisotropy, visco-elasto-plasticity, and multiphysics problems: poro-thermo-chemo-mechanics Rock failure: tensile and shear strength Brazilian and triaxial tests Mohr circle, Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion Homework 5 Section 4.9 (all questions) LAB 2: Tensile strength 7 Compression yield cap Strength anisotropy and length-scale effects Ductile VS Brittle failure 8 Fault mapping Fault classification and ideal orientation Homework 6 Section 5.6 (Questions 1 to 4) LAB 3: Confined shear strength of rock 9 Stresses on faults and 3D Mohr circle Fracture permeability and fault reactivation Limits on stress field imposed by frictional strength of faults Homework 7 Section 5.6 (Questions 5, 7, 8, and 9) 10 Wellbore stability Near wellbore effects: Kirsch equations Breakouts and tensile fractures Wellbore breakdown pressure Homework 8 Section 6.9 (Questions 1, and 2) 11 Mud window Deviated wellbores Homework 9 Section 6.9 (Questions 3, 4 and 5) LAB 4: Wellbore tensile fractures and breakouts 12 Thermal stresses, shale swelling, loss of mud support, and anisotropy 13 Hydraulic fractures in well testing Leak-off test, Diagnostics fracture initiation test, Step rate test The coupled fluid-driven fracture propagation problem Homework 10 Section 7.6: (Questions 1 to 4) 14 Net pressure and fracture toughness Hydraulic fracture design KGD and PKN models Hydraulic fracture containment Homework 11 Section 7.6: (Questions 5 and 6) 15 Multistage hydraulic fracturing Induced micro-seismicity Homework 12 Section 7.6: (Questions 7 and 8) 16 Reservoir depletion and injection Reservoir Compressibility PGE 383 – Advanced Reservoir Geomechanics (Graduate) This course explores the fundamentals of theoretical geomechanics. Topics include general theory of linear elasticity, plasticity, poromechanics and fracture mechanics. The theory is linked to problems of stability of deviated wellbores, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir depletion, and fault stability. Homework and exercises: Github repository Lectures: Fall 2020 (to be updated soon) Fall 2019 (YouTube) Fall 2018 (YouTube) Course Topics Review on continuum mechanics: Stresses at a point, principal stresses, Mohr circle, decomposition of the stress tensor and deviatoric stress tensor invariants. Problems in elasticity: Equilibrium, kinematic, and constitutive laws. Solution of the Navier equations for plane-strain problems. Wellbore problem: determination of in-situ stresses from sonic logs. Inelasticity: failure criteria (Coulomb, Griffith), plasticity-yield surface, post-peak behavior, creep, grain crushing. Mechanics of the saturated porous solid: Particle fluid interaction, poroelasticity, effective stress, drained and undrained loading, consolidation theory. Problems: overpressure and stress path during reservoir depletion. Mechanics of open mode fractures: Linear elastic fracture mechanics, PKN-KGD models, wellbore frac tests, hydraulic fracture propagation in heterogeneous media, stress interference in multistage fracturing, open mode fractures in unconsolidated sands. Problem: solve coupled PKN/KGD models. Mechanical properties of reservoir geomaterials: unconsolidated sands, shale, sandstone, limestone, evaporites, scales and effective properties, heterogeneity-spatial variability, stress-dependent permeability, laboratory methods and measurements. Table of contents Week of Lecture Literature Project 1 Introduction to geomechanics in Petroleum Engineering Espinoza, Ch. 1 – 2 Review Continuum Mechanics: stresses at a point, principal stresses, equilibrium equations, vertical stress. Stress projection on a plane. Stress plotting: Mohr’s circle, stress path, p-q space, I1-J2 space Fjaer Ch. 1.1 Zoback Ch. 1 Malvern Ch. 2, 3, 4 Jaeger et al. Ch. 2 Espinoza, Ch. 3, 5 (1) Stress tensor profile along a vertical wellbore 3 Elasticity: strains, kinematic equations, constitutive equations Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (2) Shear and normal stresses on fractures along a wellbore 4 Linear elasticity, solution for horizontal stresses with tectonic strains, constrained modulus Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (3) Horizontal stress determination with linear elasticity 5 Elastic anisotropy: material parameters of VTI solids. Elasticity: Navier’s equation LEIS, Analytical and numerical solutions. Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (4) Stress field around wellbores and fractures: analytical and numerical solution 6 Finite Element Method, stresses around wellbores (Kirsch solution) and fractures Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 6 (4) (continued) 7 Poroelasticity: The porous solid, Biot’s coefficient, Biot’s effective stress, drained loading: depletion stress path, Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 (5) Determination of Biot’s coefficient and reservoir stress-path during depletion: CMG verification 8 Undrained loading: consolidation and disequilibrium compaction, Skempton’s coefficient Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 9 Thermo-elasticity and visco-elasticity: Thermal stresses around the wellbore and in the reservoir. Long-term reservoir compaction. Chemo-mechanical coupled processes. Fjaer Ch. 1.5, 1.9 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7.8 Jaeger Ch. 9.8-11 Zoback Ch.3 (end) 10 Inelasticity: fracture modes, shear yield stress: Tresca, von Mises, Drucker Prager, Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the triaxial test. Fjaer Ch. 2.1, 2.5 Jaeger Ch. 4 Espinoza, Ch. 4 (6) Rock failure and wellbore stability 11 Inelasticity: beyond the yield point, post-peak behavior, flow rule and hardening, critical state soil mechanics, strain-softening and strain-hardening geomaterials, shear-enhanced compaction (compression cap), oedometer test Fjaer Ch. 2.8 Jaeger Ch. 9 (7) Constitutive models for soft rocks: reservoir ovepressure 12 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: tensile strength, breakdown pressure, ideal open-mode fracture propagation, fracture containment Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 Final Project: paper abstract due 13 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: LEFM, Griffith criterion, fracture toughness, the coupled fluid-driven fracture propagation problem: PKN-KGD models, fracture propagation regimes Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 (8) Stress shadows in multistage hydraulic fracturing 14 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: microseismicity, open-mode fractures in unconsolidated sediments, multistage hydraulic fracturing design. Valko and Economides 15 Mechanics of elastic wave propagation, frequency and wavelength, dynamic to static transforms Fjaer Ch. 5 (9) Laboratory dynamic to static transforms – Fjaer, et al. “Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics” – Jaeger, Cook and Zimmerman, “Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics” – Malvern, “Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium” – Zoback, “Reservoir Geomechanics” – Coussy, “Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids” – Valko and Economides, “Hydraulic Fracture Mechanics” – Espinoza, “Introduction to Energy Geomechanics” <https://dnicolasespinoza.github.io/ (Links to an external site.)> PGE 373L – Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Design There are two equally important goals in this class: (1) The solution of engineering design problems based on actual field data. (2) To develop and demonstrate satisfactory written and oral report preparation and delivery skills. PGE 424 – Petrophysics This course reviews fundamentals of the physics of rocks, including the measurement of diverse physical properties. The interpretation of measurements and relationship between physical properties is used to assess subsurface resources and processes.
PGE 383 – Advanced Reservoir Geomechanics (Graduate) This course explores the fundamentals of theoretical geomechanics. Topics include general theory of linear elasticity, plasticity, poromechanics and fracture mechanics. The theory is linked to problems of stability of deviated wellbores, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir depletion, and fault stability. Homework and exercises: Github repository Lectures: Fall 2020 (to be updated soon) Fall 2019 (YouTube) Fall 2018 (YouTube) Course Topics Review on continuum mechanics: Stresses at a point, principal stresses, Mohr circle, decomposition of the stress tensor and deviatoric stress tensor invariants. Problems in elasticity: Equilibrium, kinematic, and constitutive laws. Solution of the Navier equations for plane-strain problems. Wellbore problem: determination of in-situ stresses from sonic logs. Inelasticity: failure criteria (Coulomb, Griffith), plasticity-yield surface, post-peak behavior, creep, grain crushing. Mechanics of the saturated porous solid: Particle fluid interaction, poroelasticity, effective stress, drained and undrained loading, consolidation theory. Problems: overpressure and stress path during reservoir depletion. Mechanics of open mode fractures: Linear elastic fracture mechanics, PKN-KGD models, wellbore frac tests, hydraulic fracture propagation in heterogeneous media, stress interference in multistage fracturing, open mode fractures in unconsolidated sands. Problem: solve coupled PKN/KGD models. Mechanical properties of reservoir geomaterials: unconsolidated sands, shale, sandstone, limestone, evaporites, scales and effective properties, heterogeneity-spatial variability, stress-dependent permeability, laboratory methods and measurements. Table of contents Week of Lecture Literature Project 1 Introduction to geomechanics in Petroleum Engineering Espinoza, Ch. 1 – 2 Review Continuum Mechanics: stresses at a point, principal stresses, equilibrium equations, vertical stress. Stress projection on a plane. Stress plotting: Mohr’s circle, stress path, p-q space, I1-J2 space Fjaer Ch. 1.1 Zoback Ch. 1 Malvern Ch. 2, 3, 4 Jaeger et al. Ch. 2 Espinoza, Ch. 3, 5 (1) Stress tensor profile along a vertical wellbore 3 Elasticity: strains, kinematic equations, constitutive equations Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (2) Shear and normal stresses on fractures along a wellbore 4 Linear elasticity, solution for horizontal stresses with tectonic strains, constrained modulus Fjaer Ch. 1.2 Jaeger Ch. 5 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (3) Horizontal stress determination with linear elasticity 5 Elastic anisotropy: material parameters of VTI solids. Elasticity: Navier’s equation LEIS, Analytical and numerical solutions. Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 3 (4) Stress field around wellbores and fractures: analytical and numerical solution 6 Finite Element Method, stresses around wellbores (Kirsch solution) and fractures Fjaer Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 8 Zoback Ch. 6/10 Espinoza, Ch. 6 (4) (continued) 7 Poroelasticity: The porous solid, Biot’s coefficient, Biot’s effective stress, drained loading: depletion stress path, Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 (5) Determination of Biot’s coefficient and reservoir stress-path during depletion: CMG verification 8 Undrained loading: consolidation and disequilibrium compaction, Skempton’s coefficient Fjaer Ch. 1.6 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7 9 Thermo-elasticity and visco-elasticity: Thermal stresses around the wellbore and in the reservoir. Long-term reservoir compaction. Chemo-mechanical coupled processes. Fjaer Ch. 1.5, 1.9 Coussy Ch. 4 Jaeger Ch. 7.8 Jaeger Ch. 9.8-11 Zoback Ch.3 (end) 10 Inelasticity: fracture modes, shear yield stress: Tresca, von Mises, Drucker Prager, Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the triaxial test. Fjaer Ch. 2.1, 2.5 Jaeger Ch. 4 Espinoza, Ch. 4 (6) Rock failure and wellbore stability 11 Inelasticity: beyond the yield point, post-peak behavior, flow rule and hardening, critical state soil mechanics, strain-softening and strain-hardening geomaterials, shear-enhanced compaction (compression cap), oedometer test Fjaer Ch. 2.8 Jaeger Ch. 9 (7) Constitutive models for soft rocks: reservoir ovepressure 12 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: tensile strength, breakdown pressure, ideal open-mode fracture propagation, fracture containment Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 Final Project: paper abstract due 13 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: LEFM, Griffith criterion, fracture toughness, the coupled fluid-driven fracture propagation problem: PKN-KGD models, fracture propagation regimes Fjaer Ch. 11 Espinoza, Ch. 7 (8) Stress shadows in multistage hydraulic fracturing 14 Mechanics of fluid-driven open mode fractures: microseismicity, open-mode fractures in unconsolidated sediments, multistage hydraulic fracturing design. Valko and Economides 15 Mechanics of elastic wave propagation, frequency and wavelength, dynamic to static transforms Fjaer Ch. 5 (9) Laboratory dynamic to static transforms – Fjaer, et al. “Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics” – Jaeger, Cook and Zimmerman, “Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics” – Malvern, “Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium” – Zoback, “Reservoir Geomechanics” – Coussy, “Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids” – Valko and Economides, “Hydraulic Fracture Mechanics” – Espinoza, “Introduction to Energy Geomechanics” <https://dnicolasespinoza.github.io/ (Links to an external site.)> PGE 373L – Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Design There are two equally important goals in this class: (1) The solution of engineering design problems based on actual field data. (2) To develop and demonstrate satisfactory written and oral report preparation and delivery skills. PGE 424 – Petrophysics This course reviews fundamentals of the physics of rocks, including the measurement of diverse physical properties. The interpretation of measurements and relationship between physical properties is used to assess subsurface resources and processes.
PGE 373L – Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Design There are two equally important goals in this class: (1) The solution of engineering design problems based on actual field data. (2) To develop and demonstrate satisfactory written and oral report preparation and delivery skills.
PGE 424 – Petrophysics This course reviews fundamentals of the physics of rocks, including the measurement of diverse physical properties. The interpretation of measurements and relationship between physical properties is used to assess subsurface resources and processes.
