| Principal Investigators: | Daniel Schroeder, PhD |
| Sponsor: | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| Research Partners: | The Johns Hopkins University, The George Washington University |
| Project Duration: | November 2005 – July 2008 |
| Description: | The project will conduct studies of food stamp, welfare, and employment dynamics using matched data from the “Three City Study” and administrative records from various governmental welfare and employment sources. It has a data collection goal and an analysis goal. The data collection goal is to gather administrative records from TANF, Food Stamps, Unemployment Insurance earnings records, and several other public assistance and social service agencies on the families in the survey, to match them to the survey, and to develop a restricted use file that could be made available to other authorized researchers. The analysis goal is to use the matched data to conduct primary analyses of food stamp, welfare, and employment dynamics using state of the art econometric methods and to conduct a series of additional substantive and methodological analyses. These additional analyses include a study of methods of efficient estimation models which use the survey data and the universe of administrative data; a study of the seam problem in event history surveys; an examination of the effects of work requirements, time limits, and sanctions on welfare use and employment outcomes; studies of food and financial hardships among families; and studies of welfare participation of children of immigrants, employment patterns of Latinas, aging low income mothers, and social service use. The researchers at the Ray Marshall Center will participate mainly in data collection tasks, using administrative data from the state of Texas to: (1) develop research files describing families’ food stamp, welfare, and other program experiences and histories of their UI-covered earnings, and (2) link these data to information from the “Three City Study.” The researchers will also assist with other analysis tasks, as time and interest allow, and may develop their own analysis projects with the data. |
Creating a Sectoral Workforce Development Strategy for Tulsa
| Principal Investigator: | Cynthia Juniper, MA |
| Sponsor: | George Kaiser Family Foundation, W. K. Kellogg Foundation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Children and Families |
| Research Partners: | Community Action Program of Tulsa County, Harvard University’s Center on the Developing Child and Graduate School of Education, Tulsa Educare, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa’s School of Community Medicine, Northwestern University’s Institute of Policy Research, Columbia University |
| Project Duration: | July 2008 – September 2021 |
| Description: | In collaboration with a multi-disciplinary team of partners, the Ray Marshall Center (RMC) is developing and implementing a sectoral workforce development strategy for low-skilled, low-income parents of children served by early childhood programs in Tulsa, Oklahoma. There is emerging evidence that children whose parents hold stable jobs with progressively rising incomes exhibit better academic and behavioral outcomes. RMC and its partners have undertaken a dual-generation approach to poverty reduction that strengthens the investment in early childhood development by equipping Head Start parents with workforce training and gainful employment opportunities. This approach employs a more holistic model than traditional workforce development programs, as it also includes employee counseling and other support services to help parents complete training and adult basic education, retain their jobs, advance in their careers, and become economically self-sufficient. The goal is to develop a sustainable sectoral strategy that can be replicated beyond Tulsa to other communities across the nation.
In the first phase of the project (2008-2009), RMC designed a sectoral job development strategy focused on industries featuring jobs that pay well and provide much-needed employee benefits (e.g., health insurance, annual and sick leave) as well as career advancement opportunities. In April 2009, Community Action Program of Tulsa County launched the pilot, CareerAdvance®, at two Head Start sites in Tulsa involving 15 parents. The components of the CareerAdvance® are 1) GED and college readiness instruction, as needed; 2) skills training in the healthcare sector progressing from Certified Nursing Aide to Licensed Practical Nurse to Registered Nurse; 3) weekly peer support meetings addressing a flexible set of topics (e.g., life skills, work readiness, family finances); 4) conditional cash incentives (up to $3,000 a year) for participants meeting specified benchmarks to reinforce continued participation and help offset foregone earnings; and 5) workforce intermediation between healthcare employers and training institutions provided through Workforce Tulsa. The report on the project’s first year of operation is available at the link below. In partnership with Harvard University and the University of Oklahoma – Tulsa School of Medicine, a second pilot site was opened in July 2009 at a Tulsa Educare Center. The second pilot, EduCareers, includes all components described above as well as enhanced mental health services for participating households, curriculum enhancements for the children, parent engagement training, and a medical home. The CareerAdvance® project has now been expanded to 2015 with support from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Children and Families. RMC and partners at Northwestern and Columbia University have been engaged to provide ongoing on data collection, implementation, and outcomes analysis of project participants. |
| Reports Available: | CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings through FY 2020: The impact of COVID-19 on service delivery Authors: Cynthia Juniper and Christopher T. King Date: February 2021 Publication Type: Report, 52pp. CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings through FY2019 CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings through FY2018 CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings through FY2017 CareerAdvance® HPOG II Transition and Expansion CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings through July 2015 Sustaining Two-Generation Strategies: A Case Study of Tulsa’s CareerAdvance® Program CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings Through July 2014 CareerAdvance® Implementation Study Findings Through July 2013 The Evolution of the CareerAdvance® Program in Tulsa, Oklahoma Expanding the CareerAdvance® Program in Tulsa, Oklahoma CareerAdvance® Implementation Report CareerAdvance® Pilot Project |
TANF, Unemployment Insurance, and the Safety Net
| Principal Investigator: | Daniel Schroeder, PhD |
| Sponsor: | W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research |
| Project Duration: | June 2007 – April 2008 |
| Description: | This project presents a revised analysis plan to investigate linkages between Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Unemployment Insurance (UI). Using administrative data from a group of four large states, this study extends our understanding about the use of UI by recent TANF leavers. Data from the following states are analyzed: Florida, Ohio, Michigan, and Texas. Samples from all four states will be analyzed for 2000 TANF receipt cohorts. These samples include TANF recipients in calendar year 2000 who exit from TANF for employment by the first calendar quarter of 2001. Analysis will be conducted on earlier and later TANF exit cohorts as data is available for other states. The two alternative TANF exit time frames are: (1) TANF receipt 1997Q2 to 1998Q1 and exit by 1998Q2, and (2) TANF receipt 2002Q1 to 2002Q4 and exit by 2003Q1. Based on data for the Florida 2000 cohort, this report presents a blueprint for analysis of all cohorts by presenting tables and charts to answer questions posed in the draft analysis plan. The sections and sub-sections of this revised analysis plan correspond to the overview of research questions listed in Table 1. An overview of data available to investigate these research questions is given in Table 2.
Analysis of UI and TANF use is primarily based on data provided through the Administrative Data Analysis and Research (ADARE) consortium. Additional data for this project was provided directly to the Upjohn Institute by some states. Data for Michigan was provided to the Institute outside ADARE. |
Community Agenda Assessment Project
| Principal Investigators: | Christopher T. King, PhD and Ying Tang |
| Sponsor: | United Way Capital Area |
| Project Duration: | November 2005 – December 2006 |
| Description: | The Ray Marshall Center at the University of Texas at Austin (RMC) is conducting a research project to assist the United Way Capital Area (UWCA) develop a Community Agenda on health and human services within the 10-county Capital Area region. The research is designed to lead to a synthesis of existing information and stakeholder perspectives on the priorities in health and human services. Specifically, RMC is charged as follows:
Phase I: Identify, collect and analyze existing regional data on the state of major health and human services issues, indicators and demographic trend; and Phase II: Gauge the perspectives of major stakeholders across the ten-county area regarding major issues, root causes, solutions and prospects for health and human services. The Ray Marshall Center will produce a data analysis report as a result of Phase I work. The data analysis report will present major indicators of demographic trends, several indicators under important issue areas related to health and human services, a summary listing of the issues or priority issues previously identified by stakeholders through community assessment or planning processes in recent years, and a number of regional and county-specific highlights based on data and issues analysis. The report of the Phase II work will be a summary of findings based on analysis of input from different types of stakeholders in the ten counties. Specifically, stakeholder input is sought on the following topics:
To the extent possible, the Phase II report will also attempt to compare the issues and priorities that loom largest in the perspectives of the stakeholders and comparable data points on such issues and priorities. |
| Reports Available: | A Profile of the Capital Area Community: A Data Analysis Report for the United Way Capital Area Authors: Ying Tang, Suzanne Hershey, Christopher T. King, Erin Brown, and Katie Ryan Date: March 2006 Publication Type: Report, 100pp. A Profile of the Capital Area Community: A Profile of the Capital Area: A Regional Summary Toward Equity for All: Findings from Stakeholder Input on the Capital Area Community Agenda Project Toward Equity for All: Findings From Stakeholder Input on the Capital Area Community Agenda Project (Executive Summary) Community Agenda Project Findings and Recommendations |
Food Stamps, Unemployment Insurance, and the Safety Net
| Principal Investigator: | Daniel Schroeder, PhD |
| Sponsor: | Joint Center for Poverty Research, Food Assistance Research Small Grants Program |
| Project Duration: | July 2005 – December 2006 |
| Description: | Legislative reforms in the food stamp and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs in the 1990s, together with a booming economy and the Earned Income Tax Credit, led to dramatic increases in employment among single mothers and smaller increases among other low-income families. The deterioration of the economy after 2000, however, has raised again the question of the adequacy of the safety net for nonworking families. This study will examine the extent of support from government programs, especially food stamps, among nonworking families, but with a focus on a program that has not received much research attention: the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program. The UI program is of interest because the increases in employment among disadvantaged families in the 1990s should have been expected to increase eligibility for benefits. This, in turn, may have led to greater receipt of UI in the recent downturn and to less reliance on food stamps, given that the latter program is also aimed, in part, at serving unemployed families during downturns. The researchers will use an administrative data set from the state of Texas containing information on food stamp, TANF, and UI recipients over the period 1996 to 2005 to investigate these questions.
The study will document the incidence of different kinds of assistance receipt, especially during the downturn, giving particular attention to the relationship between food stamps and UI benefits (how many individuals receive one but not the other, both, neither); will estimate event history models to determine whether receipt of UI leads to reduced entry and increased exit from the food stamp program; will examine how the nature of food stamp and UI spells changed as the Texas economy moved from expansion to recession to recovery; and will estimate the effects of such receipts on income from earnings, UI, and welfare. |
| Reports Available: | Food Stamps, Unemployment Insurance, and the Safety Net Author: Daniel Schroeder Date: May 2007 Publisher: The Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago Publication Type: Report, 43pp. (Harris School Working Paper Series 07.15) |
Bridging the Gap Pilot Study
| Principal Investigator: | Deanna T. Schexnayder, MBA |
| Sponsor: | Center for Economic and Policy Research |
| Research Partners: | Center for Social Policy, University of Massachusetts, Boston; and Center for Urban Economic Development, University of Illinois at Chicago |
| Project Duration: | January 2005 – March 2006 |
| Description: | The “Bridging the Gap”Pilot Study has the following goals:
The Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources will produce a preliminary report on the major findings in Texas. RMC will subsequently conduct outreach activities, which will include briefings for advocates and provider organizations in Texas, in order to present preliminary findings and generate feedback from advocates. |
| Reports Available: | Bridging the Gaps Authors: Deanna Schexnayder and Heather Boushey Date: February 2006 Publication Type: PowerPoint presentation, 16pp. Texas Economic Supports for Working Families: A Product of the Bridging the Gaps Project |
Urban Welfare-to-Work Transitions Book
| Principal Investigator: | Christopher T. King, PhD and Peter Mueser |
| Sponsor: | W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research |
| Research Partner: | University of Baltimore |
| Project Duration: | 1999-2004 |
| Description: | Christopher T. King and University of Missouri-Columbia economics professor Peter Mueser received a grant from the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research in 1999, supplementing funding from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration, to prepare a book on welfare-to-work transitions in six, very diverse urban areas around the country: Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Ft. Lauderdale, Houston and Kansas City (MO). King, director of the Ray Marshall Center and the Hogg Professor of Urban Management at the LBJ School, and Mueser completed their research in 2004. The Upjohn Institute published the book, Welfare and Work: Experiences in Six Cities in February 2005. |
Rockefeller Institute of Government State Capacity Study – Christopher King
| Principal Investigators: | Christopher T. King, PhD |
| Sponsor: | Kellogg Foundation |
| Research Partners: | Rockefeller Institute of Government/The Research Foundation of State University of New York |
| Project Duration: | May 2001 – August 2002 |
| Description: | Researchers at the Ray Marshall Center provided state analysis and annual updates regarding cash assistance, job training, Medicaid, and other social services in Texas. These reports combined with those of researchers in other states to produce national studies regarding the capacity of state government administrators and program operators to efficiently manage services in an era characterized by the devolution of increased responsibility for human services from the federal government to states and localities. The current analyses concerned recent changes in TANF cash assistance and work programs, which were followed by a study of the design and implementation of the Food Stamp program in Texas. The studies were conducted under the direction of Richard Nathan at SUNY-Albany through a field network of Rockefeller Institute Associates in selected states. |
The Value of a Comprehensive Texas Information and Referral Network – Christopher King
| Principal Investigator: | Christopher King, PhD |
| Sponsor: | Texas Health and Human Services Commission (formerly Texas Department of Health and Human Services) |
| Project Duration: | July 2000 – August 2000 |
| Description: | Researchers prepared a benefit/cost analysis of the proposed comprehensive Texas Health and Human Services Information & Referral Network under contract with the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC). The analysis will assist HHSC and other policymakers who will decide the State’s role and level of commitment regarding the implementation of a comprehensive, public/private I&R Network statewide. |
| Reports Available: | The Value of a Comprehensive Texas Information and Referral Network: August 2000 Update Authors: Daniel O’Shea, Leah Kegler, and Christopher T. King Date: August 2000 Publication Type: Report, 10pp. The Value of a Comprehensive Texas Information and Referral Network |
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