Publications

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In Press

2025

Roelker S.A., DeVita P., Willson J.D., Neptune R.R. (2025). Muscle contributions to propelling the body upward differ between skipping and running. Journal of Biomechanics 181: 112545 (1-7). Download

Cyr, K.M., Neptune, R.R., and Klute, G.K. (2025). Influence of prosthetic foot selection on walking performance during various load carriage conditions. Clinical Biomechanics 122: 106440 (1-7). Download

2024

Ardianuari, S., Cyr, K.M., Neptune, R.R., Klute, G.K. (2024). Should individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation carry a load on their intact or prosthetic side? Journal of Biomechanics 177:112385 (1-10). Download

Lefranc, A.S., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2024). The influence of load carriage and prosthetic foot type on individual muscle and prosthetic foot contributions to body support and propulsion. Journal of Biomechanics 177: 112379 (1-12). Download

Small, G.H. and Neptune, R.R. (2024). Angular momentum generation and control during a back handspring step out on a balance beam performed by female gymnasts. Journal of Biomechanics 176: 112377 (1-7). Download

Lee, J., Lee, R.K., Seamon, B.A., Kautz, S.A., Neptune, R.R., Sulzer, J. (2024). Between-limb difference in peak knee flexion angle can identify persons post-stroke with Stiff-Knee gait. Clinical Biomechanics 120: 106351 (1-8). Download

Small, G.H. and Neptune, R.R. (2024). The relationship between back handspring step out performance and take-off technique in female gymnasts. Sport Biomechanics, September: 1-12. Download PDF

Small, G.H. and Neptune, R.R. (2024). How take-off technique affects muscle demand in the back handspring step out in female gymnasts. Sport Biomechanics, August: 1-15. Download PDF

Vistamehr, A., Neptune, R.R., Conroy, C.L., Freeborn, P.A., Brunetti, G.M. and Fox, E.J. (2024). Articulated ankle-foot-orthosis improves inter-limb propulsion symmetry during walking adaptability task post-stroke. Clinical Biomechanics 116: 106268 (1-5). Download PDF

Stewart, K.M., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2024). Influence of walking over unexpected uneven terrain on joint loading for individuals with transtibial amputations. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 146(8): 081009(1-9). Download PDF

Walford, S.L., Rankin, J.W., Mulroy, S.J. and Neptune, R.R. (2024). Differences in glenohumeral joint contact forces between recovery hand patterns with and without shoulder muscle weakness: a simulation study. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 146(4): 041005 (1-16). Download PDF

Brough, L.G. and Neptune R.R. (2024). A comparison of the effects of mediolateral surface and foot placement perturbations on balance control and response strategies during walking. Gait & Posture 108:313-319. Download PDF

Molitor, S.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2024). Lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness in the frontal and sagittal planes during walking at different step widths. Journal of Biomechanics 162: 111897 (1-9). Download PDF

2023

Lefranc, A.S., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2023). The influence of multiple pregnancies on gait asymmetry: a case study. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 39(6): 403-413. Download PDF

Molina, L.K., Small, G.S. and Neptune, R.R. (2023). The influence of step width on balance control and response strategies during perturbed walking in healthy young adults. Journal of Biomechanics 157:111731 (1-16). Download PDF

Cyr, K.M., Segal, A.D., Neptune, R.R., and Klute, G.K. (2023). Biomechanical responses of individuals with transtibial amputation stepping on a coronally uneven and unpredictable surface. Journal of Biomechanics 155:111622 (1-7). Download PDF

Small, G.H., Molina, L.K., Neptune, R.R. (2023). The influence of altered foot placement and cognitive load on balance control during walking in healthy young adults. Gait & Posture 103: 37-43. Download PDF

Pew, C.A., Sadeh, S., Hsiao, H.Y. and Neptune, R.R. (2023). Development of a novel perturbation platform system for balance response testing and rehabilitation interventions. Journal of Medical Devices 17(2): 021001. Download PDF

Schranz, C., Srivastava, S., Seamon, B.A., Marebwa, B., Bonilha, L., Ramakrishnan, V., Wilmskoetter, J., Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A., Seo, N.J. (2023). Different aspects of hand grip performance associated with structural connectivity of distinct sensorimotor networks in chronic stroke. Physiological Reports 11(7):e15659 (1-10). Download PDF

Fernandes, F., Roupa, I., Gonçalves, S.B., Moita, G., Silva, M.T., Pereira, J., Jorge, J., Neptune, R.R., and Lopes, D.S. (2023). Sticks and STONES may build my bones: deep learning reconstruction of limb rotations in stick figures. Pattern Recognition Letters 165: 138-145. Download PDF

2022

Roelker, S.A., DeVita, P., Willson, J.D., and Neptune, R.R. (2022). Differences in muscle demand and joint contact forces between running and skipping. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 38(8): 382-390. Download PDF

Roupa, I.F., Gonçalves, S.B., Paulo, S.F., Silva, M.T., Neptune, R.R, Lopes, D.S (2022). Motion envelopes: unfolding longitudinal rotation data from walking stick-figures. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 25(13): 1459-1470. Download PDF

Brough, L.G. and Neptune R.R. (2022). Individual muscle responses to mediolateral foot placement perturbations during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 141:111201 (1-8). Download PDF

Srivastava, S., Seamon, B.A., Marebwa, B.K., Wilmskoetter, J., Bowden, M.G., Gregory, C.M., Seo, N.J., Hanlon, C.A., Bonilha, L., Brown, T.R., Neptune, R.R., and Kautz, S.A. (2022). The relationship between motor pathway damage and flexion-extension patterns of muscle co-excitation during walking. Frontiers in Neurology 13:968385 (1-16). Download PDF

Brough, L.G., Kautz, S.A., and Neptune R.R. (2022). Muscle contributions to pre-swing biomechanical tasks influence swing leg mechanics in individuals post-stroke during walking. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 19(55): 1-12. Download PDF

Small, G.H. and Neptune, R.R. (2022). Task-prioritization and balance recovery strategies used by young healthy adults during dual-task walking. Gait & Posture 95: 115-120. Download PDF

2021

Vistamehr, A. and Neptune, R.R. (2021). Differences in balance control between healthy younger and older adults during steady-state walking. Journal of Biomechanics 128:110717 (1-6). Download PDF

Pew, C., Roelker, S.A., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2021). Analysis of the relative motion between the socket and residual limb in transtibial amputees while wearing a transverse rotation adapter. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37(1): 21-29. Download PDF

Small, G.H., Brough, L.G., and Neptune, R.R. (2021). The influence of cognitive load on balance control during steady-state walking. Journal of Biomechanics 122: 110466 (1-6). Download PDF

Templin, T.N., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2021). The influence of load carriage and foot stiffness on knee joint loading and metabolic cost during amputee walking: A preliminary modeling study. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 33(2): 118-124. Download PDF

Lewallen, L.K., Srivastava, S., Kautz, S.A., and Neptune, R.R. (2021). Assessment of turning performance and muscle coordination in individuals post-stroke. Journal of Biomechanics 114: 110113 91-10). Download PDF

Walford, S.L., Rankin, J.W., Mulroy, S.J., and Neptune, R.R. (2021). The relationship between the hand pattern used during fast wheelchair propulsion and shoulder pain development. Journal of Biomechanics 116: 110202 (1-6). Download PDF

Brough, L.G., Klute, G.K., and Neptune R.R. (2021). Biomechanical response to mediolateral foot-placement perturbations during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 116: 110213 (1-8). Download PDF

2020

Harper, N.L., Wilken, J.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2020). Muscle contributions to balance control during amputee and non-amputee stair ascent. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 142(12): 121007(1-8). Download PDF

Frame, H.B., Finetto, C., Dean, J.C., and Neptune, R.R. (2020). The influence of lateral stabilization on walking performance and balance control in healthy and post-stroke individuals. Clinical Biomechanics 73: 172-180. Download PDF

2019

Roelker, S.A., Kautz, S.A., and Neptune, R.R. (2019). Muscle contributions to mediolateral and anteroposterior foot placement during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 95: 109310 (1-7). Download PDF

Pew, C., Segal, A., Neptune, R.R., and Klute, G.K. (2019). Ideal operating conditions for a variable stiffness transverse plane adapter for individuals with lower limb amputation. Journal of Biomechanics 96:109330 (1-9). Download PDF

Womac, N.D., Neptune, R.R., and Klute, G.K. (2019). Stiffness and energy storage characteristics of energy storage and return prosthetic feet. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 43(3): 266-275. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Vistamehr, A. (2019). Dynamic balance during human movement: measurement and control mechanisms. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 141(7): 070801(1-10). Download PDF

Vistamehr, A., Kautz, S.A., Bowden, M.G., and Neptune, R.R. (2019). The influence of locomotor training on dynamic balance during steady-state walking post-stroke. Journal of Biomechanics 89: 21-27. Download PDF

Akbas, T., Neptune, R.R., and Sulzer, J. (2019). Neuromusculoskeletal simulation reveals abnormal rectus femoris-gluteus medius reflex coupling in post-stroke gait. Frontiers in Neurology10:1-10. Download PDF

Walford, S.L., Requejo, P.S., Mulroy, S.J., and Neptune, R.R. (2019). Predictors of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users. Clinical Biomechanics 65:1-12. Download PDF

Brough, L.G., Kautz, S.A., Bowden, M.G., Gregory, C.M., and Neptune R.R. (2019). Merged plantarflexor muscle activity is predictive of poor walking performance in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Journal of Biomechanics 82: 361-367. Download PDF

Roelker, S.A., Bowden, M.G., Kautz, S.A., and Neptune, R.R. (2019). Paretic propulsion as a measure of walking performance and functional motor recovery post-stroke: a review. Gait & Posture 64:6-14. Download PDF

2018

Harper, N.L., Wilken, J.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2018). Muscle function and coordination of amputee stair ascent. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 140(12): 121004 (1-10). Download PDF

Miller, S.E., Segal, A.D., Klute, G.K., and Neptune, R.R. (2018). Hip recovery strategy used by below-knee amputees following mediolateral foot perturbations. Journal of Biomechanics 76:61-67. Download PDF

Yeates, K., J.D., Segal, A.D., Neptune, R.R. and Klute, G.K. (2018). A coronally-clutching ankle to improve amputee balance on coronally-uneven and unpredictable terrain. ASME Journal of Medical Devices 12(3): 031001 (1-12). Download PDF

Seamon, B.A.., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2018). Using a module-based analysis framework for investigating muscle coordination during walking in individuals post-stroke: A literature review and synthesis. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3795754: 1-16. Download PDF

Vistamehr, A., Balasubramanian, C.K., Clark, D.J., Neptune R.R. and Fox, E.J. (2018) Dynamic balance during walking adaptability tasks in individuals post-stroke. Journal of Biomechanics 74:106-115. Download PDF

Shell, C.E., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2018). Identifying classifier input signals to predict a cross-slope during transtibial amputee walking. PLOS One 13(2): e0192950 (1-17). Download PDF

Segal, A.D., Yeates, K., J.D., Neptune, R.R. and Klute, G.K. (2018). Foot and ankle joint biomechanical adaptations to an unpredictable coronally-uneven surface. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 140(3): 031004( 1-9). Download PDF

Harper, N.L., Wilken, J.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2018). Muscle function and coordination of stair ascent. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 140(1): 011001 (1-11). Download PDF

2017

Shell, C.E.; Segal, A.D., Klute, G.K.; Neptune, R.R. (2017). The effects of prosthetic foot stiffness on transtibial amputee walking mechanics and balance control during turning. Clinical Biomechanics 49: 56-63. Download PDF

Ranz, E.C., Wilken, J.M., Gajewski, D.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2017). The influence of limb alignment and transfemoral amputation technique on muscle capacity during gait. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 20(11): 1167-1174. Download PDF

Esposito, E.R., Ranz, E.C., Ohm, K.A., Neptune, R.R., Wilken, J.M. (2017). Ankle-foot orthosis bending axis influences running mechanics. Gait & Posture 56: 147-152. Download PDF

2016

Neptune, R.R. and McGowan, C.P. (2016). Muscle contributions to frontal plane angular momentum during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 49(13): 2975-2981. Download PDF

Yeates, K., J.D., Segal, A.D., Neptune, R.R. and Klute, G.K. (2016). Balance and recovery on coronally-uneven and unpredictable terrain. Journal of Biomechanics 49(13): 2734-2740. Download PDF

Ranz, E.C., Russell, E.M., Wilken, J.M. and Neptune, R.R. (2016). The influence of passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthosis bending axis on gait performance in individuals with lower-limb impairments. Clinical Biomechanics 37(1): 13-21. Download PDF

Slowik, J.S., Requejo, P.S., Mulroy, S.J. and Neptune, R.R. (2016). The influence of wheelchair propulsion hand pattern on upper extremity muscle power and stress. Journal of Biomechanics 49(9):1554-1561. Download PDF

Agarwal, P., Neptune, R.R. and Deshpande, A.D. (2016). A simulation framework for virtual prototyping of robotic exoskeletons. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering138(6): 0610004 (1-15). Download PDF

Lopes, D.S., Neptune, R.R., Ambrósio, J.A., and Silva, M.T. (2016). A superellipsoid-plane model for simulating foot-ground contact during human gait. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 19(9): 954-963. Download PDF

Slowik, J.S., McNitt-Gray, J.L., Requejo, P.S., Mulroy, S.J. and Neptune, R.R. (2016). Compensatory strategies during manual wheelchair propulsion in response to weakness in individual muscle groups: a simulation study. Clinical Biomechanics 33(1):34-41. Download PDF

Clark, D.J., Neptune, R.R., Behrman, A.L. and Kautz, S.A. (2016). A locomotor adaptability task promotes intense and task-appropriate output from the paretic leg during walking. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 97(3): 493-496. Download PDF

Vistamehr, A., Kautz, S.A., Bowden, M.G. and Neptune, R.R. (2016). Correlations between measures of dynamic balance in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. Journal of Biomechanics 49(3): 369-400. Download PDF

2015

Raja, B., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2012). Quantifiable patterns of limb loading and unloading during hemiparetic gait: relationship to kinetic and kinematic parameters. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 49(9): 1293-1304. Download PDF

Fey, N.P., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Optimization of prosthetic foot stiffness to reduce metabolic cost and intact knee loading during below-knee amputee walking: a theoretical study. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 134(11): 111005(1-10). Download PDF

Raja, B., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2012). Coordination of the non-paretic leg during hemiparetic gait: expected and novel compensatory patterns. Clinical Biomechanics 27(10): 1023-1030. Download PDF

Hall, A.L., Bowden, M.G., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Biomechanical variables related to walking performance 6-months following post-stroke rehabilitation. Clinical Biomechanics 27(10): 1017-1022. Download PDF

Rankin, J.W., Kwarciak, A.M., Richter, W.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2012). The influence of wheelchair propulsion technique on upper extremity muscle demand: A simulation study. Clinical Biomechanics 27(9): 879–886. Download PDF

Silverman, A.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Muscle and prosthesis contributions to amputee walking mechanics: a modeling study. Journal of Biomechanics 45(13): 2271-2278. Download PDF

Allen, J.L. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Three-dimensional modular control of human walking. Journal of Biomechanics 45(12): 2157-2163. Download PDF

Rankin, J.W. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Musculotendon lengths and moment arms for a three-dimensional upper-extremity model. Journal of Biomechanics 45(9): 1739-1744. Download PDF

Silverman, A.K., Wilken, J., Sinitski, E. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). Whole-body angular momentum in incline and decline walking. Journal of Biomechanics 45(6): 965-971. Download PDF

Fey, N.P. and Neptune, R.R. (2012). 3D intersegmental knee loading in below-knee amputees across steady-state walking speeds. Clinical Biomechanics 27(4): 409-414. Download PDF

2011

Fey, N.P., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). The influence of energy storage and return foot stiffness on walking mechanics and muscle activity in below-knee amputees. Clinical Biomechanics 26(10):1025-1032. Download PDF

Kautz, S.A., Bowden, M.G., Clark, D.J. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Comparison of motor control deficits during treadmill and overground walking in persons post-stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 25(8):756-764. Download PDF

Ventura, J.D., Segal, A.D., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Compensatory mechanisms of transtibial amputees during circular turning. Gait & Posture 34(3): 307-312. Download PDF

Peterson, C.L., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Muscle work is increased in pre-swing during hemiparetic walking. Clinical Biomechanics 26(5):509-515. Download PDF

Hall, A.L., Peterson, C.L., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Relationships between muscle contributions to walking subtasks and functional walking status in persons with post-stroke hemiparesis. Clinical Biomechanics 26(5):509-515. Download PDF

Allen, J.L., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Step length asymmetry is representative of compensatory mechanisms used in post-stroke hemiparetic walking. Gait & Posture 33(4): 538-543. Download PDF

Peterson, C.L., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Braking and propulsive impulses increase with speed during accelerated and decelerated walking. Gait & Posture 33(4): 562-567. Download PDF

Rankin, J.W., Richter, W.M. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Individual muscle contributions to the push and recovery subtasks during wheelchair propulsion. Journal of Biomechanics 44(7):1246-1252. Download PDF

Ventura, J.D., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). The effects of prosthetic ankle dorsiflexion and energy return on below-knee amputee leg loading. Clinical Biomechanics 26(3): 298-303. Download PDF

Ventura, J.D., Klute, G.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). The effect of prosthetic ankle energy storage and return properties on muscle activity in below-knee amputee walking. Gait & Posture 33(2): 220-226. Download PDF

Silverman, A.K. and Neptune, R.R. (2011). Differences in whole-body angular momentum between below-knee amputees and non-amputees across walking speeds. Journal of Biomechanics 44(3): 379-385. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and McGowan, C.P. (2011). Muscle contributions to whole-body sagittal plane angular momentum during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 44(1): 6-12. Download PDF

2010

Rankin, J.W. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). The influence of seat configuration on maximal average crank power during pedaling: a simulation study. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26(4): 493-500. Download PDF.

Peterson, C.L., Cheng, J., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). Leg extension is an important predictor of paretic leg propulsion in hemiparetic walking. Gait & Posture 32(4): 451-456. Download PDF

Rankin, J.W., Kwarciak, A.M., Richter, W.M., and Neptune, R.R. (2010). The influence of altering push force effectiveness on upper extremity demand during wheelchair propulsion. Journal of Biomechanics 43(14): 2771-2779. Download PDF

Sasaki, K. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). Individual muscle contributions to the axial knee joint contact force during normal walking. Journal of Biomechanics 43(14): 2780-2784. Download PDF

Nott, C.R., Zajac, F.E., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2010). All joint moments significantly contribute to trunk angular acceleration. Journal of Biomechanics 43(13): 2648–2652. Download PDF

Peterson, C.L., Hall, A.L., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). Pre-swing deficits in forward propulsion, swing initiation and power generation by individual muscles in hemiparetic walking. Journal of Biomechanics 43(12): 2348-2355. Download PDF

Balasubramanian, C.K., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2010). Foot placement in a body reference frame during walking and its relationship to hemiparetic walking performance. Clinical Biomechanics 25(5): 483-490. Download PDF

Beaman, C.B., Peterson, C.L., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2010). Differences in self-selected and fastest comfortable walking in post-stroke hemiparetic persons. Gait & Posture 31(3): 311-316. Download PDF

Clark, D.J., Ting, L.H., Zajac, F.E., Neptune R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2010). Merging of healthy motor modules predicts reduced locomotor performance and muscle coordination complexity post-stroke. Journal of Neurophysiology 103(2): 844–857. Download PDF.

McGowan, C.P., Neptune, R.R. and Herzog, W. (2010). A phenomenological model and validation of shortening induced force depression during muscle contractions. Journal of Biomechanics 43(3): 449–454. Download PDF

McGowan, C.P., Neptune, R.R., Clark, D.J. and Kautz, S.A. (2010). Modular control of human walking: Adaptations to altered mechanical demand. Journal of Biomechanics 43(3): 412-419. Download PDF

South, B.J., Fey, N.P., Bosker, G. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). Manufacture of energy storage and return prosthetic feet using selective laser sintering. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 132(1): 015001(1-6). Download PDF

Fey, N.P., Silverman, A. K. and Neptune, R.R. (2010). The influence of increasing steady-state walking speed on muscle activity in below-knee amputees. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 20(1): 155-161. Download PDF

2009

Neptune, R.R., McGowan, C.P. and Kautz, S.A. (2009). Forward dynamics simulations provide insight into muscle mechanical work during human locomotion. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews 37(4): 203-210. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., McGowan, C.P. and Fiandt, J.M. (2009). The influence of muscle physiology and advanced technology on sports performance. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 11: 81-107. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Clark, D.J. and Kautz, S.A. (2009). Modular control of human walking: a simulation study. Journal of Biomechanics 42(7): 1282-1287. Download PDF

McGowan, C.P., Kram, R. and Neptune, R.R. (2009). Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 42(7): 850-856. Download PDF

Balasubramanian, C.K., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2009). Variability in spatiotemporal step characteristics and its relationship to walking performance post-stroke. Gait & Posture 29(3): 408-414. Download PDF

Sasaki, K., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S. A. (2009). The relationships between muscle, external, internal and joint mechanical work during normal walking. Journal of Experimental Biology 212(5):738-744. Download PDF

2008

Silverman, A. K., Fey, N.P., Portillo, A., Walden, J.G., Bosker, G. and Neptune, R.R. (2008). Compensatory mechanisms in below-knee amputee gait in response to increasing steady-state walking speeds. Gait & Posture 28(4):602-609. Download PDF

McGowan, C.P., Neptune, R.R. and Kram, R. (2008). Independent effects of weight and mass on plantar flexor activity during walking: implications for their contributions to body support and forward propulsion. Journal of Applied Physiology 105(2):486-94. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Sasaki, K. and Kautz, S. A. (2008). The effect of walking speed on muscle function and mechanical energetics.  Gait & Posture 28(1): 135-143. Download PDF

Goldberg, E.J., Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R.  (2008). Can treadmill walking be used to assess propulsion generation? Journal of Biomechanics 41(8):1505-1508. Download PDF

Rankin, J.W. and Neptune, R.R. (2008). A Theoretical analysis of an optimal chainring shape to maximize crank power during isokinetic pedaling. Journal of Biomechanics 41(7):1494-1502. Download PDF

Sasaki, K., Neptune, R.R., Burnfield, J.M. and Mulroy, S.J. (2008). Muscle compensatory mechanisms during able-bodied toe walking. Gait & Posture 27(3): 440-460. Download PDF

Faustini, M.C, Neptune, R.R., Crawford, R.H. and Stanhope, S.J. (2008). Manufacture of passive dynamic ankle-foot orthoses using selective laser sintering. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55(2): 784-790. Download PDF

Rogers, B., Bosker, G.W., Faustini, M.C, Walden, G., Neptune, R.R. and Crawford, R.H. (2008). Case report: variably compliant transtibial prosthetic socket fabricated using solid freeform fabrication. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 20(1): 1-7. Download PDF

2007

Turns, L.J., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S. A. (2007). Relationships between muscle activity and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces in hemiparetic walking. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88(9): 1127-35. Download PDF

Zmitrewicz, R.J., Neptune, R.R. and Sasaki, K. (2007). Mechanical energetic contributions from individual muscles and elastic prosthetic feet during symmetric unilateral transtibial amputee walking: a theoretical study. Journal of Biomechanics 40(8): 1824-1831. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Burnfield J.M. and Mulroy, S.J. (2007). The neuromuscular demands of toe walking: a forward dynamics simulation analysis. Journal of Biomechanics 40(6): 1293-1300. Download PDF

Rogers, W., Bosker, G., Crawford, R., Faustini, M., Neptune, R.R., Walden, J. and Gitter, A. (2007). Advanced transtibial socket fabrication using selective laser sintering. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 31(1): 88-100. Download PDF

Goldberg, E.J. and Neptune, R.R. (2007). Compensatory strategies during normal walking in response to muscle weakness and increased hip joint stiffness. Gait & Posture 25(3): 360-367. Download PDF

Balasubramanian, C.K., Bowden, M.G, Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2007). Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88(1): 43-49. Download PDF

2006

Zmitrewicz, R.J., Neptune, R.R., Walden, J.G., Rogers, W., and Bosker, G. (2006). The effect of foot and ankle prosthetic components on braking and propulsive impulses during transtibial amputee gait. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87(10): 1334-1339. Download PDF

Faustini, M.C., Neptune, R.R., Crawford, R.H., Rogers, W., and Bosker, G. (2006). An experimental and theoretical framework for manufacturing prosthetic sockets for transtibial amputees. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 14(3): 304-310. Download PDF

Sasaki, K. and Neptune, R.R. (2006). Differences in muscle function during walking and running at the same speed. Journal of Biomechanics 39(11): 2005-2013. Download PDF

Higginson, J.S., Zajac, F.E., Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A. and Delp, S.L. (2006). Muscle contributions to support during gait in an individual with post-stroke hemiparesis. Journal of Biomechanics 39(10): 1769-1777. Download PDF

Kautz, S.A., Patten, C. and Neptune, R.R. (2006). Does unilateral pedaling activate a rhythmic locomotor pattern in the non-pedaling leg in post-stroke hemiparesis? Journal of Neurophysiology 95(5): 3154-3163. Download PDF

Sasaki, K. and Neptune, R.R. (2006). Muscle mechanical work and elastic energy utilization during walking and running near the preferred gait transition speed. Gait & Posture 23(3): 383-390. Download PDF

Bowden, M.G, Balasubramanian, C.K., Neptune, R.R., and Kautz, S.A. (2006). Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking. Stroke 37(6):872-876. Download PDF

Faustini, M.C., Neptune, R.R. and Crawford, R.H. (2006). The quasi-static response of compliant prosthetic sockets for transtibial amputees using finite elements method. Medical Engineering & Physics 28(2): 114-121. Download PDF

Higginson, J.S., Zajac, F.E., Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A., Burgar, C.G. and Delp, S.L. (2006). Effect of equinus foot placement and intrinsic muscle response on knee extension during stance. Gait & Posture 23(1): 32-36. Download PDF

2005

Faustini, M., Crawford, R., Neptune, R.R., Rogers, W.E. and Bosker, G. (2005). Design and analysis of orthogonally compliant features for local contact pressure relief in transtibial prostheses. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127(6): 946-951. Download PDF

Kautz, S.A., Duncan, P.W., Perera, S., Neptune, R.R. and Studenski, S.A. (2005). Coordination of hemiparetic locomotion after stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 19(3): 250-258. Download PDF

Higginson,J.S., Neptune, R.R. and Anderson, F.C. (2005). Simulated parallel annealing within a neighborhood for optimization of biomechanical systems. Journal of Biomechanics 38(9): 1938-1942. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Sasaki, K. (2005). Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed. Journal of Experimental Biology 208(5): 799-808. Download PDF

2003-2004

Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A. and Zajac, F.E. (2004). Muscle mechanical work requirements during normal walking: the energetic cost of raising the body’s center of mass is significant. Journal of Biomechanics 37(6): 817-825. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Zajac, F.E. and Kautz, S.A. (2004). Muscle force redistributes segmental power for body progression during walking. Gait & Posture 19(2): 194-205. Download PDF

Zajac, F.E., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2003). Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking Part II: Lessons from dynamical simulations, clinical implications, and concluding remarks. Gait & Posture 17(1): 1-17. Download PDF

2001-2002

Kautz, S.A. and Neptune, R.R. (2002). Biomechanical determinants of pedaling energetics: internal and external work are not independent. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews 30(4): 159-165. Download PDF

Zajac, F.E., Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2002). Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking Part I: Introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulation. Gait & Posture 16(3): 215-232. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A. and Zajac, F.E. (2001). Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 34(11): 1387-1398. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2001). Muscle activation and deactivation dynamics: the governing properties in fast cyclical human movement performance? Exercise and Sport Science Reviews 29(2): 76-81. Download PDF

2000

Neptune, R.R.. (2000). Computer modeling and simulation of human movement: applications in sport and rehabilitation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 11(2): 417-434. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Wright, I.C., Bogert, A.J. van den (2000). The influence of orthotic devices and vastus medialis strength on patella-femoral loads during running. Clinical Biomechanics 15(8): 611-618. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Wright, I.C., Bogert, A.J. van den (2000). A method for numerical simulation of single limb ground contact events: application to heel-toe running. Journal of Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 3(4): 321-334. Download PDF

Kautz, S.A., Neptune, R.R. and Zajac, F.E. (2000). General coordination principles elucidated by forward dynamics: minimum fatigue does not explain muscle excitation in dynamic tasks. Motor Control 4(1): 101-106. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Kautz, S.A. (2000). Knee joint loading in forward versus backward pedaling: implications for rehabilitation strategies. Clinical Biomechanics 15(7): 528-535. Download PDF

Wright, I.C., Neptune, R.R., Bogert, A.J. van den and Nigg, B.M. (2000). The influence of foot positioning on ankle sprains. Journal of Biomechanics 33(5): 513-519. Download PDF

MacIntosh, B.R., Neptune, R.R., and Horton, J. (2000). Cadence, power and muscle activation in cycle ergometry. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32(7): 1281-1287. Download PDF

Wright, I.C., Neptune, R.R., Bogert, A.J. van den and Nigg, B.M. (2000). The effects of ankle compliance and flexibility on ankle sprains. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32(2): 260-265. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Herzog, W. (2000). Adaptation of muscle coordination to altered task mechanics during steady-state cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 33(2): 165-172. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A. and Zajac, F.E. (2000). Muscle contributions to specific biomechanical functions do not change in forward versus backward pedaling. Journal of Biomechanics 33(2): 155-164. Download PDF

1999

Neptune, R.R. and Herzog, W. (1999). The association between negative muscle work and pedaling rates. Journal of Biomechanics 32(10): 1021-1026. Download PDF

Smak, W., Neptune, R.R., and Hull, M.L. (1999). The influence of pedaling rate on bilateral asymmetry in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 32(9): 899-906. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. (1999). Optimization algorithm performance in determining optimal controls in human movement analyses. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121(2): 249-252. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Wright, I.C., and Bogert, A.J. van den (1999). Muscle coordination and function during cutting movements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31(2) 294-302. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Hull, M.L. (1999). A theoretical analysis of preferred pedaling rate selection in endurance cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 32(4): 409-415. Download PDF

1997-1998

Wright, I.C., Neptune, R.R., Bogert, A.J. van den, and Nigg, B.M. (1998). Passive regulation of impact forces in heel-toe running. Clinical Biomechanics 13(7): 521-531. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Hull, M.L. (1998). Evaluation of performance criteria for simulation of submaximal steady-state cycling using a forward dynamic model. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120(3): 334-341. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Bogert, A.J. van den (1998). Standard mechanical energy analyses do not correlate with muscle work in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 31(3): 239-245. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R., Kautz, S.A., and Hull, M.L. (1997). The effect of pedaling rate on coordination in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 30(10): 1051-1058. Download PDF

Boyd, T.F., Neptune, R.R.., and Hull, M.L. (1997). Pedal and knee loads using a multi-degree-of-freedom pedal platform in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 30(5): 505-511. Download PDF

1992-1996

Neptune, R.R. and Hull, M.L. (1996). Methods for determining hip movement in seated cycling and their effect on kinematics and kinetics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12(4): 493-507. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Hull, M.L. (1995). Accuracy assessment of methods for determining hip movement in seated cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 28(4): 423-437. Download PDF

Kautz, S.A., Hull, M.L,. and Neptune, R.R. (1994). A comparison of muscular mechanical energy expenditure and internal work in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics 27(12): 1459-1467. Download PDF

Neptune, R.R. and Hull, M.L. (1992). A new electromechanical ski binding with release sensitivity to torsion and bending moments. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 8(4): 331-349. Download PDF