If you haven’t lived under a rock these last two decades, you’ve almost certainly seen a trailer or poster for a 3D-animated kid’s movie. In these, it’s become a trend for them to boast that their animated characters are voiced by big-name celebrities, names as instantly recognisable as Will Smith, Chris Pratt, or Jessica Alba.
However the act of acting using only your voice (known as “voice acting”) is actually considered by many (especially media professionals and fandoms) to be its own unique craft mostly separate from acting on stage or in front of a camera, with its own unique legacy and set of skills required to be good at it. There are many people who make a living exclusively from voice acting.
From a certain point of view, the history of voice acting could go all the way back to hunter-gatherers telling stories around campfires, relaying tales of great heroes and amusing incidents almost solely through the voice. The history of voice acting could go all the way back to the voice itself!
However, to keep this article short, let us focus on pre-recorded voice overs, the type of voice acting that makes possible the plethora of dialogue in games, animation, audiobooks, narration, and other such works possible. The earliest example of a human voice being recorded was by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1860, who sang Au Clair de la Lune into a voice-recording invention dubbed a phonautograph. Later on, the 1927 film The Jazz Singer used a rudimentary sound-on-disk system to play pre-recorded jazz songs over a silent recording of an actor’s performance, marking the end of the silent film era, and the beginning of talkies.
However, if there is any creative medium most responsible for turning voice-acting into a discipline distinct from screen acting, was animation. In many ways, animation offers far more creative freedom to its creators than even live-action shows with the biggest budgets. In the world of animation, a show featuring superheroes battling it out, large space battles, strange monsters, or magic would cost about the same as a realistic drama or sitcom. In the nuts-and-bolts level, it all came down to drawings on a surface, or 3D models on a computer-generated stage. However, one element could not be faked, the voice.
Still, creators don’t have to worry about how an actor or actress looks, so long as their vocal performances are appropriate. This environment paved the way for figures such as Mel Blanc (who’s been called the “Man of a Thousand Voices”, and created 400 distinct character voices over the course of his career, most famously Bugs Bunny), Mark Hamill (who was able to avoid being permanently associated with Star Wars due to the sheer iconic status of vocal performances such as The Joker from Batman the Animated Series in 1992), and Nancy Cartwright (well-known for being the voice of young boys such as Bart Simpson from The Simpsons and Chuckie Finster from Rugrats).
Over in Japan, voice actors (known as seiyuu) have a prominence nearly equalling or even surpassing on-screen actors, due to various historical factors (the large amounts of foreign shows imported to Japan, as well as the rise in popularity of Japanese anime). Even mid-tier seiyuu have their own fanbases, tuning in to shows merely for the chance of hearing their favourite voice actor’s performance. They even double as singers, belting out a show’s opening and ending themes in addition to voicing their casts. Thus, with the spread of popularity of anime and other Japanese media around the world, more people came to know of names such as Nana Mizuki (best known for the roles of Hinata Hyuga from Naruto, and Fate Testarossa from Nanoha), and Aya Hirano (whose voice practically defines the infamous “tsundere” anime archetype, with roles such as Shana from Shakugan no Shana, and Louise in The Familiar of Zero).
As an exercise, just reference the real-life appearance of these voice actors, with their voice-acting filmography. It doesn’t matter what the voice actor looks like, or whether the character they voice resembles them or not. As long as the voice actor sounds right, they can voice a character. This can result in more efficient casting. After all, why cast a single voice actor for each and every character in a show, when you can just hire a handful of skilled character actors for the entire show? This video shows just how versatile a single voice actor can be.
Keep in mind, though, that voice acting isn’t solely limited to animation and the dubbing of foreign shows. Voice-actors are hired for a shockingly wide variety of work. They are hired for narration voice over services in commercials, public service announcements, automated announcements on public transport, audiobooks, podcasts, and video games. If you pay attention, you’ll find that voice acting is everywhere in the modern media landscape. When you’re a voice actor, you certainly aren’t starved for jobs.
Not all is well in voice actor town, though. Advances in AI have led to the creation of some disturbingly convincing generated human voices, which has already been used in the game Watch Dogs: Legion to give unique voices to thousands of different video game characters. Is this the beginning of the end for voice actors?
If so, it would be too bad, as voice actors are only just now getting recognition and a measure of fame for their roles. After years of working in the shadow of the silver screen, voice actors are now idolised by legions of fans who primarily grew up with animated series and video games rather than traditional films and television. For the job of the voice actor is not merely to provide a voice, but to breathe life into lifeless drawings, 3D models, or words on a page. That is certainly something to be appreciated.